Fig. 3From: The effect of thermal insulation pads on heat flux, physical effort and perceived exertion during endurance exercise in cool environmentsUpper body clothing surface temperature (TUB) as measured after warm-up (t0) and after 45 min (t3) of running while subjects were wearing the thermally insulating (PINSUL) and non-insulating (PCOOL) pants in studies A (a) and B (b). No significant differences were found between PINSUL and PCOOL. Factor time was significant in study A and B (p < 0.05)Back to article page