Development and testing of material extrusion additive manufactured polymer–textile composites

Fashion and Textiles

International Journal of Interdisciplinary Research

Table 1 Examples of applications and future research direction for ME polymer–textile composite

Development	Application	Brand/subject	Description	Refs.
Product	Wearables	LabeledBy; Tamicare	Personalised, localised, and sustainable garments and fabrics	LabeledBy (2020), Lopez (2020), Tamicare (2020)
	Mounting or embossing elements	Braille on textiles	Modifications of textile surface properties to support blind people	Kreikebaum et al. (2017)
	Orthopaedic devices	Glove; knee brace	Customised orthopaedic devices	Ahrendt and Karam (2020), Uysal and Stubbs (2019)
Research	Programmable or stimulus-responsive textiles (4D printing)	Hybrid textiles	Polymer–elastic textiles composite: the elastic textile is pre-stretched prior to printing, the stored energy in the textile material prior to printing causes a change in form when the energy is released	Narula et al. (2018), Papakonstantinou (2015)
	Programmable or stimulus-responsive textiles (4D printing)	Shape change and self-assembly	Stimulus-responsive polymer–textile composite: stimulus-responsive textiles that that can self-transform or morph from one form to another when subject to an external stimulus	Leist et al. (2017), Momeni et al. (2017), Zapfl (2019)
	Textile-based sensors or electronics	Self-sensing or actuator	Conductive materials or biohybrid materials—textile composite: sensing body and sensing element	BioLogic (2015), Gehrke et al. (2019), Kumar et al. (2019)