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International Journal of Interdisciplinary Research

Table 2 Influential AM parameters on surface topography

From: Performance of wearables and the effect of user behavior in additive manufacturing process

AM process /material

Layer thickness (mm)

Raster angle

Part orientation/surfaces inclination

Postprocess stage

Material quality

Roughness (µm)

Ref.

FDM/ABSa

0.1

45/− 45

Horizontal

 

Filament dried in vacuo for 4 h at 80 °C

6.4–20.4

Huang et al. (2019)

0.2

30/− 60

Lateral

Difference between max and min: 7 for layer thickness, 6.9 for raster angle, 4.4 for part orientation

0.3

0/90

Vertical

 

FDM

 

0

 

Immersion time of 180 s, 300 s, 420 s

 

25.63–34.7

1.88–7.64

Galantucci et al. (2010)

30

28.45–37.32

3.03–6.63

60

41.52–52.94 for untreated

2.74–16.78 for treated

FDM/ABaS

0.254

45°

 

Acetone vapour bath

 

0.82

Lalehpour and Barari (2016)

0.33

1.34

PJ

0.016

0

0–90

Finish type Matte, Glossy

 

1.5–15.1

Udroiu et al. (2019)

45

1.8–10.5

90

0.9–13.4

FDM

 

90

   

16.5–5.5

Boschetto and Bottini (2015)

0

17–8.5

54

22-Dec

144

33.5–21.5

FDM/ABSa

0.254

    

17 for initial

2.5 for finishing

Boschetto et al. (2016)

SL/TSRb, Somosc, Accurad

  

0

  

1

22

3

Kim and Oh (2008)

FDM/ABSa

30

18–21

49

6

PJ/Epoxy resin

60

Aug-13

21

10

90

03-May for SL

18 for FDM

22 for PJ

FDM

0.1778

0

   

9.5

13.27

Nancharaiah et al. (2010)

0.254

30

14.3

13.17

0.33

45

15.2 for layer thickness

13.08 for raster angle

FDM

 

0

 

Vapour smoothing

 

3.01–3.9

0.22–0.9

Chohan et al. (2016)

90

8.45–8.96 for initial

0.54–2.5 for final

  1. aABS means acrylonitrile butadiene styrene
  2. bTSR represents epoxy
  3. cSomos represents resin for stereolithography
  4. dAccura means ABS-like-material