Performance of wearables and the effect of user behavior in additive manufacturing process

Kwon, JuYoun; Kim, Namhun

doi:10.1186/s40691-021-00251-y

Fashion and Textiles

International Journal of Interdisciplinary Research

Table 4 Influential FDM process parameters on tensile properties and hardness

From: Performance of wearables and the effect of user behavior in additive manufacturing process

AM process /material	Layer thickness (mm)	Number of shell	Air gap	Part orientation	Raster angle	Postprocess stage	Material quality	Tensile strength (MPa)			Tensile stress (MPa)	Ref.
FDM/ABS^a	0.1			Horizontal	45/− 45		Filament dried in vacuo for 4 h at 80 °C	12–33.6				Huang et al. (2019)
	0.2			Lateral	30/− 60			Difference between max and min
	0.3			Vertical	0/90			9.3 for layer thickness
								1.1 for raster angle
								11.1 for part orientation
FDM					0	Immersion time of 180 s, 300 s, 420 s		18.1–19.8	16.3–18.43			Galantucci et al. (2010)
					30			19.24–20.77	16.21–20.09
					60			19.63–21.21 for untreated	15.23–17.85 for treated
FDM/PLA	0.1			Xyz	90/180			4.9–21.5				Torres et al.(2016)
	0.3			Xzy	45/135			2.3–15.5
				Yzx				May-36
								2.3–36 for 90/180
								2.4–27.5 for 45/135
FDM				X	0			30.28–33	19–35.45			Raut et al. (2014a)
				Y	45			28.52–35.45	22.51–30.28
				X	90			17.14–22.51 for part orientation	17.14–34.31 for raster angle
FDM/ABS^a					45/− 45			13.7				Es-Said et al. (2000)
					0			20.6
					45			7
					90			9.3
					45/0			14
FDM/ABS^a					0						30.96	Huang and Singamneni (2015)
					15						29.35
					30						25.83
					45						18.33
					60						13.52
					75						11.64
					90						10.08
FDM/PLA					0						68.1	Zhang et al. (2019)
					90						52.85
					45						67.12
					0/90						57.89
					− 1						62.11
FDM/PLA					X						38.7	Afrose et al. 2016)
					Y						31.1
					45						33.6
FDM/ABS^a			− 0.05		0/90			33.1				Dawoud et al. (2016)
			0.05		30/− 60			33.2
					45/− 45			34.3
					75/− 15			33.4
					0/90			28.1
					30/− 60			30.4
					45/− 45			31.7
					75/− 15			30.4
FDM/PC^b	5				0			19.03				Hill and Haghi (2014)
					15			18
					30			24.3
					45			24.13
					60			38.89
					75			44.75
					90			59.78
FDM/PLA	0.05		0		45/− 45			9.62–30.77	11.15–30.77			Li et al. (2017)
	0.15		0.2					6.74–24.62	8.08–18.27
	0.25		0.4					5.96–15.38 for layer thickness	5.96–12.5 for air gap
FDM					Vertical, horizon			31.2–38.9				Yang et al. (2015)
FDM					Vertical, horizon			29.7–37.1				Yang et al. (2015)
FDM/ABS^a			0.127, 0.254, 0.381	ZXY				15–41				Spisak et al. (2014)
				XYZ				18–73
				XZY				42–86
FDM/ABS^a				Longitudinal, transverse	0, 90, 45, − 45			17.9–31.2, 13.4–13.6				Rodriguez et al. (2000)
SL/TSR^c, Somos^d, Accura^e	0.15/0.1/0.1			Horizontal, vertical				42–56	49–71			Kim and Oh (2008)
FDM/ABS^a	0.254							17–50	Nov-25
LS/PA^f	0.1/0.15							29–49	26–39
PJ/Epoxy resin	0.016							62 for horizontal	29 for vertical
FDM/ABS^a				YZX	0	Chemical untreatment/chemical treatment and along the length/across the length		31–34	23–33			Garg et al. (2017)
				YXZ	30			32.5–33	24–31
				ZYX	60			15–28 for untreatment	18–32 for treatment
				ZYX	90			15–28 for untreatment	18–32 for treatment
FDM/PLA	0.1	2			0			49.29	42.28	53.59		Lanzotti et al. (2015)
	0.12	3			18			45.58	44.82	50.51
	0.15	4			45			48.01	48.49	48.09
	0.18	5			72			48.95	49.71	44.02
	0.2	6			90 (reduction of strength and stiffness			48.49 for layer thickness	50.67 for the number of shells	43.39 for infill orientation

^aABS means acrylonitrile butadiene styrene
^bPC means polycarbonates
^cTSR represents epoxy
^dSomos represents resin for stereolithography
^eAccura means ABS-like-material
^fPA means polyamide

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