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International Journal of Interdisciplinary Research

Table 3 Bending angle changes of the knitted shape memory alloy modules

From: Development of a 4D hand gripping aid using a knitted shape memory alloy and evaluation of finger-bending angles in elderly women

Measurement landmark

Bending angle (°) by time

0 s

5 s

10 s

15 s

20 s

25 s

30 s

Proximal interphalangeal

0.00 (0.00)

0.00 (0.00)

7.40 (0.17)

12.13 (0.84)

22.17 (0.45)

49.93 (1.19)

62.57 (2.32)

Metacarpophalangeal

0.00 (0.00)

0.00 (0.00)

6.03 (0.15)

16.83 (0.38)

19.83 (0.55)

51.57 (1.58)

78.47 (1.27)

Total

0.00 (0.00)

0.00 (0.00)

13.43 (0.32)

28.96 (1.22)

42.00 (1.00)

101.50 (2.77)

141.04 (3.59)

Proximal interphalangeal

0.00 (0.00)

0.00 (0.00)

8.03 (1.80)

13.17 (0.90)

19.10 (1.35)

62.23 (0.95)

73.73 (0.57)

Metacarpophalangeal

0.00 (0.00)

0.00 (0.00)

7.07 (0.23)

16.80 (0.30)

28.00 (0.36)

62.43 (0.59)

108.57 (1.63)

Total

0.00 (0.00)

0.00 (0.00)

15.10 (2.03)

29.97 (1.20)

47.10 (1.71)

124.66 (1.54)

182.30 (2.20)

  1. Data are expressed as Mean (SD)
  2. SD standard deviation