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International Journal of Interdisciplinary Research

Table 5 Bending angle change of the gripping aid compared with that of participants’ fingers

From: Development of a 4D hand gripping aid using a knitted shape memory alloy and evaluation of finger-bending angles in elderly women

Target object

Measurement landmark

Bending angle (°)

Target object

Bending angle (°) by time

0 s

5 s

10 s

15 s

20 s

25 s

30 s

Participant fingers

Mean (SD)

Index

Proximal interphalangeal

38.04 (11.79)

Gripping aid

Mean (SD)

0.00 (0.00)

0.00 (0.00)

8.53 (0.31)

19.10 (0.20)

29.03 (0.40)

36.23 (1.55)

54.77 (0.49)

Metacarpophalangeal

23.86 (6.41)

0.00 (0.00)

0.00 (0.00)

7.40 (0.35)

18.13 (0.55)

25.67 (0.38)

25.67 (0.38)

36.53 (2.18)

Total

61.90 (18.20)

0.00 (0.00)

0.00 (0.00)

15.93 (0.66)

37.23 (0.75)

54.70 (0.78)

61.90 (1.93)

91.30 (2.67)

Middle

Proximal interphalangeal

40.75 (11.24)

0.00 (0.00)

0.00 (0.00)

7.87 (0.59)

20.13 (0.90)

37.03 (0.68)

49.57 (0.61)

65.40 (1.31)

Metacarpophalangeal

24.57 (8.85)

0.00 (0.00)

0.00 (0.00)

4.23 (0.78)

22.80 (0.70)

35.23 (0.40)

36.90 (0.95)

39.07 (0.49)

Total

65.32 (20.09)

0.00 (0.00)

0.00 (0.00)

12.10 (1.37)

42.93 (1.60)

72.26 (1.08)

86.47 (1.56)

104.47 (1.80)

  1. Bold value indicates the bending angles of the gripping aid corresponding to those of the given finger
  2. SD standard deviation