Evaluation of 3D apparel design spatial visualization training for cognitive function of older adults: cross-cultural comparisons

Chang, Hyo Jung Julie; Min, Seoha

doi:10.1186/s40691-022-00292-x

Fashion and Textiles

International Journal of Interdisciplinary Research

Table 6 The results of construct mean comparison among ethnic groups

From: Evaluation of 3D apparel design spatial visualization training for cognitive function of older adults: cross-cultural comparisons

Variable	Comparison
Variable	a	b	Mean difference (a−b)	SE	Sig
SE	White American	Hispanic American	− 0.137	0.893	0.420
		African American	− 0.141	0.893	0.393
		Asian American	− 0.229	0.893	0.051
	Hispanic American	African American	− 0.004	0.893	1.000
		Asian American	− 0.093	0.893	0.729
	African American	Asian American	− 0.088	0.893	0.756
PEU	White American	Hispanic American	− 0.522	0.120	0.000***
		African American	− 0.436	0.120	0.002**
		Asian American	− 0.932	0.120	0.000***
	Hispanic American	African American	0.087	0.120	0.888
		Asian American	− 0.410	0.120	0.004**
	African American	Asian American	− 0.500	0.120	0.000***
PE	White American	Hispanic American	− 0.497	0.113	0.000***
		African American	− 0.413	0.113	0.002**
		Asian American	− 1.002	0.113	0.000***
	Hispanic American	African American	0.083	0.113	0.883
		Asian American	− 0.506	0.113	0.000***
	African American	Asian American	− 0.589	0.113	0.000***
EE	White American	Hispanic American	− 0.291	0.102	0.023*
		African American	− 0.271	0.102	0.040*
		Asian American	− 0.744	0.102	0.000***
	Hispanic American	African American	− 0.020	0.102	0.997
		Asian American	− 0.453	0.102	0.000***
	African American	Asian American	− 0.473	0.102	0.000***
ATT	White American	Hispanic American	− 0.311	0.117	0.039*
		African American	− 0.338	0.117	0.020*
		Asian American	− 0.696	0.117	0.000***
	Hispanic American	African American	− 0.027	0.117	0.996
		Asian American	− 0.384	0.117	0.006**
	African American	Asian American	− 0.358	0.117	0.012*
BI	White American	Hispanic American	− 0.438	0.120	0.002**
		African American	− 0.338	0.120	0.025*
		Asian American	− 1.040	0.120	0.000***
	Hispanic American	African American	− 0.100	0.120	0.837
		Asian American	− 0.602	0.120	0.000***
	African American	Asian American	− 0.702	0.120	0.000***

The five-point Likert scale was used to measure all variables (1 = strongly disagree; 5 = strongly agree) except the attitude variable using the five-point Semantic Differential scale; SE self-efficacy, PEU perceived ease of use, PE performance expectancy, EE effort expectancy, ATT attitude, BI behavioral intention; *p < 0.05, **p < 0.01, ***p < 0.001

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