Fig. 1

Functional balance test. a Functional reach test: participants extended their right arms forward as far as possible with controlled balance; b timed up and go: participants stood up, walked in a straight line at their normal walking speed for 3 m, returned to the starting point, and sat down on the stool again without using their hands; c wooden plank time: participants crossed a 3 m wooden plank (height, 9 cm and width, 5 cm) from one end to the other while maintaining their balance and returned to the start position