Fig. 1

Dark background KyungGeum brocade with the pattern by the colored multiple warps in delicate outlines. a Dark blue green KyungGeum from the Miruksaji temple of Baekje (639) (Kim et al., 2021). b Dark KyungGeum with pink flowers from Cheon-Ma-Chong of Silla (514) (Jang & Kwon, 2014). c Close-up of pink flowers (Jang & Kwon, 2014). d ‘O-Seong-Chul-Dong-Bang’ KyungGeum of arm protector from Niya (尼雅), Xinjiang Autonomous Region shows animal flocks and puffy clouds (BC third–fifth century). This close-up shows the pattern of old letters of prayer and 2 stars, crane and eagle, a heavenly animal and a tiger (Huang & Chen, 2016). e Whole view of the arm protector with 6 GoRum straps of MyungJu silk (Huang & Chen, 2016). f Saekdong YoungChang (永昌) KyungGeum from Louran, Xinjiang Autonomous Region: three-legged crow (三足烏) and heavenly animal flocks of dotted skin, the letterings of prayer (Huang & Chen, 2016) (All photos are with permission from the copyright holders)