Fig. 1

Sterilization of samples with ultraviolet light and application of initial bacterial load. Inside a biological safety cabinet, disks of sample materials were placed in a plastic petri dish (without the lid) with the foil side up for the first 30 min exposure to UV light. Samples were flipped nanofiber-side-up and repositioned on the open dish before the second 30 min UV light exposure. S. aureus (10 µL culture) was applied to the nanofiber side of one disk, and disks were stacked as shown in the figure before incubation for 4 h at 37 °C