Fashion and Textiles

International Journal of Interdisciplinary Research

Table 7 Influential FDM process parameters on Young’s modulus and hardness

From: Performance of wearables and the effect of user behavior in additive manufacturing process

AM process /material	Layer thickness (mm)	Number of shell	Part orientation	Raster angle	Postprocess stage	Young’s modulus, E (MPa)			Hardness		Ref.
FDM/PLA^a	0.1		XYZ	90/180		490–2200					Torres et al. (2016)
	0.3		XZY	45/135		500–2400
			YZX			650–3100
						500–2400 for 90/180
						490–2200 for 45/135
FDM/PLA^a				0		5260					Zhang et al. (2019)
				90		4780
				45		5080
				0/90		4860
				+45/-45		4980
FDM/PLA^a				X		1538					Afrose et al. 2016)
				Y		1246
				45		1350
FDM/PC^b	5			0		1420.3			104.6		Hill and Haghi (2014)
				15		1351.37			89.4
				30		1461.69			93
				45		1358.27			91.8
				60		1744.37			95.4
				75		1958.11			103.7
				90		2082.22			103.8 for Rockwell
FDM				Vertical, horizon		8.5–10.4					Yang et al. (2015)
FDM				Vertical, horizon		8.1–9.9					Yang et al. (2015)
FDM/ABS^c			Longitudinal, transverse	0, 90, 45, − 45		1400–1986					Rodriguez et al. (2000)
SL	0.15/0.1/0.1		Horizontal, vertical						97		Kim and Oh (2008)
FDM/ABSc	0.254								68–105
LS	0.1/0.15								87–93
PJ	0.016								–
FDM/PLA^a	0.1	2		0		3497.63	2951.83	3388.57			Lanzotti et al. (2015)
	0.12	3		18		2962.15	3002.23	3227.89
	0.15	4		45		3030.56	3125.03	3087.2
	0.18	5		72		3229.09	3189.01	2963.35
	0.2	6		90		3256.77 for layer thickness	2857.8 for number of shells	2799.43 for infill orientation
FDM/ABS^c				Honeycomb, line pattern		900–950	1300–1900				Ebel and Sinnemann (2014)
PLA^a				Honeycomb, line pattern		1200–1450 for honeycomb	1900–2600 for line pattern				Ebel and Sinnemann (2014)
FDM/ABS^c			X	0	Vapour smoothing				70.5–83	76–90	Chohan et al. (2016)
			Y	90					46.5–60.5 for initial	50–66 for final
			Z

^aPLA means polylactic acid
^bPC means polycarbonates
^cABS means acrylonitrile butadiene styrene

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