International Journal of Interdisciplinary Research
Table 1 Types of social crises
From: Global fashion retailers’ responses to external and internal crises during the COVID-19 pandemic
Types | Examples |
|---|---|
Political crisis | War, armed protest, terrorism, and plane hijacking |
Economic and technological crisis | Spills of hazardous materials, marine pollution, water and air pollution, ozone depletion, radioactive effluent, acid rain, nuclear waste reclamation, building collapse, and explosions |
Socio-cultural crisis | Violent conflicts of race and region, pandemic outbreak, violent strikes, and riots |
Disaster crisis | Floods, typhoons, earthquakes, drought, heat waves, cold-weather damage, hail, and tsunamis |