Table 6 Insights from the Design process themes

Process related

Research

Due to the specificity of the target, web-based research is limited. The diversity of research methods is necessary

Extended research from various perspectives, including physical characteristics, behaviors, lifestyle, psychological needs, and situation-based needs, is required to utilize the P/S toolkit effectively. The research process assists students in understanding the IFD concept

During the design research process, additional research methods and guidelines are necessary to directly investigate the target and verify the effectiveness of the design

Concept ideation

Through the IFD process, the students enable to consider not only a prior target but also the extended target during the concept generation

The concept of inclusive design has allowed the expansion of factors to be considered during the design concept-generation process and enabled new design approaches to be implemented. It has evolved with a focus on functional, psychological, and aesthetic aspects

Planning related

Method

To enhance the effectiveness of the P/S toolkit in the IFD process, it is necessary to provide supplementary P/S toolkit and specific examples of P/S method

Context

The IFD process and P/S toolkit could encourage detailed and specific consideration and analysis of the physical and psychological characteristics, changes in the target’s situation and environment